منابع مشابه
Many ways to loop DNA.
In the 1960s, I developed methods for directly visualizing DNA and DNA-protein complexes using an electron microscope. This made it possible to examine the shape of DNA and to visualize proteins as they fold and loop DNA. Early applications included the first visualization of true nucleosomes and linkers and the demonstration that repeating tracts of adenines can cause a curvature in DNA. The b...
متن کاملThe many ways of coping with pressure.
The current paper reviews strategies employed by microorganisms from the deep biosphere, especially piezophiles (from the greek piezo = to press and philo = love), to cope with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) prevailing in these biotopes. The aim of this review is not to constitute an exhaustive report of our current knowledge on the physiology of piezophiles, as recent reviews have covered par...
متن کاملThe many ways to cleave hyaluronan.
Hyaluronan is being used increasingly as a component of artificial matrices and in bioengineering for tissue scaffolding. The length of hyaluronan polymer chains is now recognized as informational, involving a wide variety of size-specific functions. Inadvertent scission of hyaluronan can occur during the process of preparation. On the other hand, certain size-specific hyaluronan fragments may ...
متن کاملDoing the wave in many ways.
Because coherent beams march in step, they are perfect for interferome-try: the measurement of interference between two or more beams. Waves behave like a series of crests and troughs. When waves from two sources combine, what happens depends on the waves' phases—the timing of when their crests and troughs strike a given point. If the waves are in phase, then when they are combined, their crest...
متن کاملHow many ways to craft a cofactor?
S tandard textbooks define enzymatic cofactors as low molecular weight structures that are separate from and can bind reversibly to their cognate protein. As with all established paradigms, change is almost guaranteed, and work over the last decade has forced us to expand our definition of cofactor to include structures that are derived from the protein itself. Early studies of ribonucleotide r...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Scientific American
سال: 1910
ISSN: 0036-8733
DOI: 10.1038/scientificamerican09031910-178